The United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station

Percival Lowell came to Flagstaff in 1894, Arizona was still a territory, and Flagstaff had a population of less than 1,000 people (Putnam). In 1930, Flagstaff was put on the map with the discovery of Pluto, using Lowell’s calculations, and became the first planet discovered outside of Europe. People flocked to the up and coming science-based town, revitalizing the population to 8,000 by 1955. As the population boom was upon this quiet wooded town, the U.S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station was established, as was the U.S Geological Survey in 1963. With more observatories being built and the advancement of the natural sciences, the need for the preservation of dark skies in Flagstaff became apparent (Flagstaff’s). The first†¦show more content†¦This allowed, for the first time, to accurately determine Pluto’s mass and diameter (Putnam). However, during this time, even the U.S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station located on the outskirts of town was being taking over by the overpowering monster of light emanating from city streets. So in 1986, Tucson and Pima County again took the initiative to jointly update their lighting codes, requiring low-pressure sodium (LPS) lights and to ban all mercury vapor lights. During the same time, the City of Flagstaff began a trial experiment: replacing the streetlights on Santa Fe Avenue with LPS lights. This allowed for the city and its residents to adjust to different lighting styles and evaluate the effectiveness of these lights. The response was extremely favorable: nine out of ten Flagstaff residents were ready to switch all streetlights to LPS by 1987 (Flagstaff’s). With the retirement of the previous director of Lowell Observatory, Wes Lockwood, a dark sky activist, arose to the occasion and began to rethink Flagstaff’s lighting codes and the impacts of its growing population. When Lockwood became Lowell’s director in 1986, Christian Luginbuhl, an astrono mer, began working on lighting issues at the U.S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station. Both astronomers agreed, â€Å"city officials and many citizens recognize the importance of astronomy to Arizona and Flagstaff, and understand the danger The United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station Percival Lowell came to Flagstaff in 1894, Arizona was still a territory, and Flagstaff had a population of less than 1,000 people (Putnam). In 1930, Flagstaff was put on the map with the discovery of Pluto, using Lowell’s calculations, and became the first planet discovered outside of Europe. People flocked to the up and coming science-based town, revitalizing the population to 8,000 by 1955. As the population boom was upon this quiet wooded town, the U.S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station was established, as was the U.S Geological Survey in 1963. With more observatories being built and the advancement of the natural sciences, the need for the preservation of dark skies in Flagstaff became apparent (Flagstaff’s). The first upward battle in the establishment of dark skies that Flagstaff faced was in 1958. A new telescope was set to be built, but because of the increase in light pollution that was creeping up Mars Hill, the Anti-searchlight law went into effect. The Anti-searchlight law allowed officers to fine individuals $300 when in possession of a searchlight, or receive 90 days in jail. By June 1972, Tucson had adopted Arizona’s second lighting law – all lights had to be pointed downward – and Pima County developed a similar law soon after. The City of Flagstaff was next to follow suit (Putnam). Light from Flagstaff’s growing city continued to prove difficult for astronomers. In 1980, most of Lowell’s research work and discoveries were made on top ofShow MoreRelatedThe United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station1741 Words   |  7 PagesLowell came to Flagstaff in 1894, Arizona was still a territory, and Flagstaff had a population of less than 1,000 people (Putnam). In 1930, Flagstaff was put on the map with the discovery of Pluto, using Lowell’s calculations, and became the first planet discovered outside of Europe. People flocked to the up and coming science-based town, revital izing the population to 8,000 by 1955. As the population boom was upon this quiet wooded town, the U.S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station was established

Ideas to Reduce Corruption Free Essays

To reduce the level of corruption in our countries, we, as the next generation, must take the lead to make our desire of change public to each government. At the same time community leaders must be used to spread the idea of a progressive change. As my first step to do so, I will convince my sector leaders to increase education in people, youth and childhood, starting from just a few and going up in the whole country. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideas to Reduce Corruption or any similar topic only for you Order Now After that, work with the example to other countries and make the change visible and desirable.Corruption is such a major problem in our societies. For bad luck we are daily inmerse in cases where we have to face corruption and of course we will do it depending on the circumstances. Sometimes I think that we already live with corruption as a normal standard of living, how sad! Therefore instead of falling into the trap we should in first place think about what we are doing and the repercussions that my acts are going to have in a long term.The first step is to think if there is correct way to do things, maybe it is difficult but our problem is that we feel comfortable and we forget that we can think outside the box. We should start letting our voices out, and let them be heard, and of course even if it sounds as a utopia, the change starts with us and how are we willing to face this new challenges. It? not going to be easy and we are not going to be able to change it in one day, but slowly, with a noble heart, with passion and desire, small actions can do gigantic things. Last but not least in my particular case, if someday I become what I’m wishing for; Ministry of Agriculture of Ecuador from that position at least I will be able to give back a little bit to my community and to the agricultural sector, and I will try my best to do things right for my country.To reduce corruption is not an easy thing, it requires a lot of effort, but the change should begin by getting people to acknowledge that corruption is not something distant, allusive only to politicians or people in power; sadly, corruption is enrooted in the culture of our countries at all levels; it is like cancer that spreads slowly killing ethical and moral values of citizens. I think the only way to stop the vicious circle of corruption is to raise the awareness among people that corruption must not be consid ered a common practice, corruption is a problem and the solution is in the hands of each and every one of us.It is in us the responsibility to say no to corruption, to build a better and fairer society. What I propose is to make a social awareness campaign which encourages people to say no to corruption, starting with simple things, like respecting the lines, not offering or receiving bribes, respecting the traffic police, acting with empathy, etc. ; the idea is that this small wins in the day to day activities of people set in an environment in which the vicious circle of corruption can be broken. This campaign should frame its message in civic pride and the desire for improvement, something like: â€Å"I am Latin American, and I say no to corruption†.This has to be visual; I can imagine employees putting an emblematic sign of the â€Å"I say no† campaign in front of their desks just to let know others they are not willing to make bad businesses, or policemen wearing I say no badges to let know drivers they won’t accept bribes and posters of â€Å"I say no† in court rooms. Of course this campaign should be based on real actions, such as the improvement of laws, severe penalties for corrupt public functionaries, education in schools and colleges of ethics, improvement of public services, among others.Even though such movement can be sponsored by the government, an ONG, the private sector or any group, the most important is that it must get the support of all constituencies and the message must really get to touch the mind and hearts of people to ach ieve the impossible, to be part of something special, and to create an â€Å"I say no† culture. The best way to change Latin America is to supply basic needs in the communities. Until the basic requirements of healthcare, nourishment and safety are met the more complex building blocks that would inoculate the communities from corruption cannot be achieved.To do this we need to raise the wealth and more importantly distribute it fairly. A simple solution is not available, little steps must be taken to improve governmental entities, private sector, education with example and action. Tactics like micro financing can develop the most vulnerable communities and igniting a culture of respect for those well off individuals who do affect those communities in a positive way. Whenever the benefits of taking the corrupt road outweigh the costs of taking it, the propensity of corruption among public institutions will be present in a significant way.Today in Latin America most our countries are left at the mercy of the only effective deterrent for corruption we are able to find: ethics. And as effective as they are, history has proved us that relying on them is not only naive but kind of irresponsible. So in order to get rid of this awful disease, more is needed to generate change. Going back to the first idea, individuals make their decisions considering the costs and benefits of a particular path. So in order to influence such decisions, incentives must be created to increase the benefits or increase the costs.Either way would prove to be an effective way of influencing behavior. Then what we could do is try to increase the costs of corrupt behavior. How can a society do so? By modifying their current institutions, in order to create a set of rules applicable to everyone, and creating enough will power to enforce this rules. People talk a lot of the role of culture in the corruption dilemma. Nevertheless institutions also help to shape culture. In order to change culture we first have to change our institutions. Which institutions to change, and how to change them, goes beyond the scope of the writer’s intention, but an opinion is clearly defined towards changing institutions as a way of eliminating corruption in our countries. First of all we need to act as we talk; we need to really step up and act upon our words on a positive way. Secondly we need to rely on education and values for our society. We need to start positively influencing our inner circle (Family and friends) and start working our way out (Work ad society). Corruption is something that must be change with time.You cannot change it in one week or month, even one year. The Key is culture and institutions and strong competitive market. In order to eliminate corruption you have to prepare the coming generation with new values, habits and thinking so you begin to create an environment of respect for the society.. The second thing is that it is necessary to guarantee and strong State that applies the law, but also an institution that develop new way to be more efficient and respond to a highly demand society.Finally, it is need to create incentive for people, if the people’s needs are not fulfill are not totally fulfill, t is likely to fall in corruption; one way to avoid this is with real competitive market, and if there is a unfair situation, the State has to react. Assuring this three ideas it is more probably you can have a better society in the future generation. To reduce corruption in Central America we all have to do our part. If you get to deal with a corrupt person, always do the following two things; first don’t comply with the corruption. Then speak up. Don’t keep it to yourself. If you keep quiet, the corruption will never stop. Doing these two things, one person at a time, will make this a better region for everybody. How to cite Ideas to Reduce Corruption, Papers

Music Reaction Essay Example For Students

Music Reaction Essay In 1905, Johnnys brother John Roseland Johnson set the words of this poem to USIA. It was not long after that this song ended up in almost every church hymnal across the country. Therefore, it was typically performed via organ or piano along with drums. The music to this song is well organized. Being that the song was originally written as a poem is does have some parts that rhyme. The song is broken up into three paragraphs. The first stanza of each part has a different melody than the second stanza. The set up is the same for the other two parts. I feel that the way the music was written for this poem it also portrays the lyrics. The song talks about he past and it seems as though on some of the parts the music tone is low which makes you think of something dark or depressing and the times this song was written in were dark and gloomy. I think I was attracted to reviewing this piece of music because I attend a predominantly African American church and this song is sung every year the month of Black History. I was interested in learning more information about it. One thing I really like about this piece of music is the lyrics are truly meaningful. It describes where groups of people were and where they wanted to be in the future. One weakness I think this song has is sometimes as the music is being sung it makes it difficult to hear what the actual words are. This song does show that it possesses lasting value because it is still being sung over 100 years later. The cultural significance this piece of work has is it described the place that African Americans came from in slavery and the freedom they were walking into. References The Black National Anthem. (2012, October 7). Retrieved from Black History: http:// blacklisting. Com/content/62362/the-black-national-anthem Music Reaction By watchstraps

Taming Of the Shrew Essay Example For Students

Taming Of the Shrew Essay The method Petruchio uses to tame his shrew, Katherina, to put it simply, is reverse psychology, along with starving her and not allowing her to sleep until she acts like a proper lady. His strategy is basic, but his plan takes time to bring about results.  During act two scene one, Petruchio outlines his plan to Baptista. He states that he will say the opposite of what Kate does. Say that she rail, why then Ill tell her plain she sings as sweetly as a nightingale. This is called reverse psychology. At the beginning of act three scene two, it is Katherinas appointed wedding day and her father, Baptista, is seen worrying that Petruchio, the groom to be, will not turn up. It is threatening to become very embarrassing for both Katherina and her whole family. Katherine fears she will become a laughing stock. Now must the world point at poor Katherine. Much later, after Katherina has already left, Petruchio arrives. We will write a custom essay on Taming Of the Shrew specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He is dressed in tattered and torn clothes, riding upon a sick horse. He looks more like a poor beggar than a man about to be married. This too is part of Petruchios many step plan to tame the shrew. By turning up late, it threatens to embarrass Katherina on her wedding day in front of all that know her. So, Petruchio changes Katherina from a reluctant bride to one who only wishes for her groom to show up. This is a brilliant move. Petruchio refuses to change his clothes. He uses the excuse that there is no time and that he has been away from his bride too long. But where is Kate? I stay too long from her. In the middle of Act three scene two, Tranio starts to work out Petruchios plan. He hath some meaning in his mad attire.  Petruchio makes a mockery of the wedding ceremony, knocking the bible out of the priests hand when smacking him in the face. He throws wine at one of the clergy and loudly kisses Katherina on the mouth. As soon as the ceremony, if it could be called that, is over he states that although the guests assumed that he would stay for the party, he has to leave. This too is part of his plan to tame Katherine. She is shocked and upset by the news of him leaving before the party and asks if she can entreat him to stay. Let me entreat you. This is very polite and is not the language that a shrew would use. So, the taming process has obviously started to take effect. When her efforts to entreat Petruchio to stay fail, she relies on his love for her to keep him at the party. When this too fails, she returns to her shrewish ways and affirms that she will not leave until she pleases herself. Nay then, do what thou canst, I will not go today, no, nor tomorrow, not till I please myself. Kate goes onto say that the guest shall go forward to the bridal dinner. By this she means that she will join them, but Petruchio takes this very literally and acts as if he is only doing what Katherine wishes. They shall go forward, Kate, at thy command. He assumes that she will be joining him and not their guests. He takes Kate away as if he is protecting her from the guests that may force her to attend her party, even though it is at the party that Kate wishes to be and not with Petruchio. Kate is dumbfounded and cannot say anything, because Petruchio, it seems, is doing this all for her. This too is part of Petruchios plan to tame Katherina. He is reacting and acting in the opposite way to which Katherina would expect him to act. .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d , .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d .postImageUrl , .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d , .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d:hover , .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d:visited , .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d:active { border:0!important; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d:active , .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a5144fe0916fe19b1fde40b415e4c6d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What makes Emily Dickinson EssayWhen speaking to the guests, Petruchio refers to Kate as his possession. She is my goods, my chattels, she is my house, my household stuff my any thing. This gives the idea that Katherina is not a person and cannot think for herself. She is just one of Petruchios possessions.  In the beginning of Act four scene one, Grumio tells Curtis of how Kates horse fell and she fell underneath the horse and was covered in mud. Petruchio, who was there at the time, did nothing to help poor Katherina, but instead beat up Grumio because the horse had stumbled. Katherine went to pull her husband off Grumio. Petruchio swore and Katherine prayed. Perhaps t his might also be part of Petruchios plan. Curtis states that according to what Grumio just told him, Petruchio is more of a shrew than Katherina. By this reckoning he is more shrew than she. Of the pair, one has to be responsible and sensible and since Petruchio is acting so shrewish, Katherina feels that she has to be the responsible and sensible one. This is part of Petruchios taming process.  At the beginning of Act four scene three, Katherina is complaining to Grumio about the way Petruchio is treating her. The more my wrong, the more his spite appears. What, did he marry me to famish me? I am starved for meat, giddy for lack of sleep. To this, Grumio replies with an offer of meat and when she accepts he decides she should not have it because it is too choleric. Grumio obviously knows Petruchios plan. Katherina becomes fed up with Grumio and his nonsense and sends him away, just as Petruchio and Hortensio enter. Petruchio brings meat for Katherina and she quickly eats it with Hortensio. When they have finished, Petruchio tells Katherine that they should leave to her fathers house and dress in fine clothes. When the tailor comes, he brings with him a cap for Katherina, which she likes but Petruchio does not. Fie, fie, tis lewd and filthy. He asks for a bigger cap but Katherina refuses to have it any bigger saying that it is fashionable. This doth fit the time, and gentlewomen wear such caps as these. She is using proper language and referring to herself as a gentlewoman. Therefore Petruchios plan is working. Yet Petruchio does not believe she is gentle yet. When you are gentle, you shall have one too, and not till then. This is too much for Katherine and she finally speaks her mind, telling Petruchio that she is not a child and that she is angry and if she doesnt anything her heart will break. It goes on and Petruchio pretends he has selective hearing to what Katherine says. She is obviously angry with him yet he pretends to think that she is angry with the tailor and when the tailor corrects him, he scolds at him and calls him names. Thou liest, thou thread, thou thimble, thou flea, thou nit, thou winter-cricket thou!  Petruchio tells Kate that they should go to her fathers house first by horse and when they arrive at a certain point, they shall go on by foot and arrive at the destination by dinner time. Katherina does not want to do as Petruchio asks and Petruchio becomes mad and orders that she do what he says. During Act four scene five, Katherine and Petruchio bicker about whether it is the moon or the sun that shines brightly. I say it is the moon that shines so bright. Hortensio advises Katherina to agree with Petruchio or else they will never leave. So Katherina agrees with Petruchio that it is the moon that shines brightly and Petruchio changes his mind and says that it is the sun that shines brightly, so Katherine agrees to this as well. She does not put up a fight and argue any further with Petruchio and she does not become angry or frustrated with him when he changes his opinion, so perhaps she is tamed, or at least she is showing all the signs of being tamed. .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 , .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 .postImageUrl , .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 , .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5:hover , .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5:visited , .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5:active { border:0!important; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5:active , .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5 .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1ed511400e60da819d0373a72b3bdfd5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of Richard Cory EssayDuring Act Five Scene One, Katherina asks her husbands permission to follow the others and he allows her to on the condition that she kisses him. When she refuses, he asks if she is ashamed of him. What, in the midst of the street? What, art thou ashamed of me? Katherine of course answers no and states that Got forbids it and that she is only ashamed to kiss. So, Petruchio proclaims that they shall return home, so Katherina gives in and agrees to kiss Petruchio. He replies with a combination of two proverbs, Better late than never and It is never too late to mend. Better once than never, for never too late.  At some point near the end of Ac t Five Scene Two, Katherina gives her final speech which is addressed to the audience as well as the husbands, but is mainly directed towards the wives of the husbands.

The Atanasoff-Berry Computer

The Atanasoff-Berry Computer John Atanasoff once said to reporters, I have always taken the position that there is enough credit for everyone in the invention and development of the electronic computer.   Professor Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry certainly deserve some credit for building the worlds first ​electronic digital computer at Iowa State University between 1939 and 1942.  The Atanasoff-Berry Computer represented several innovations in computing, including a binary system of arithmetic, parallel processing, regenerative memory, and a separation of memory and computing functions. Atanasoff’s Early Years   Atanasoff was born in October 1903, a few miles west of Hamilton, New York. His father, Ivan Atanasov, was a Bulgarian immigrant whose last name was changed to Atanasoff by immigration officials at Ellis Island in 1889.   After John’s birth, his father accepted an electrical engineering position in Florida where  Atanasoff completed grade school and began  understanding the concepts of electricity- he found and corrected faulty electric wiring in a back porch light at the age of nine- but other than that event, his grade school years were uneventful. He was a good student and had a youthful interest in sports, especially baseball, but his  interest in baseball faded when his father purchased a new Dietzgen slide rule to help him at his job. The young  Atanasoff became totally fascinated with it. His father soon discovered that he didnt have an immediate need for the slide rule and it was forgotten by everyone- except young John. Atanasoff soon became interested in the study of logarithms and the mathematical principles behind the operation of the slide rule. This led to studies in trigonometric functions. With the help of his mother, he read A College Algebra by J.M. Taylor, a book that  included a beginning study on differential calculus and  a chapter on infinite series and how to calculate logarithms.   Atanasoff completed high school in two years, excelling in science and mathematics. He had decided that he wanted to be a theoretic physicist and he entered the University of Florida in 1921. The university did not offer a degree in theoretic physics so he began taking electrical engineering courses. While taking these courses, he became interested in electronics and continued on  to higher mathematics. He  graduated in 1925 with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering. He accepted a teaching fellowship from Iowa State College because of the institutions fine reputation in engineering and sciences.  Atanasoff received his masters degree in mathematics from Iowa State College in 1926. After marrying and having a child, Atanasoff moved his  family moved to Madison, Wisconsin where he had been accepted as a doctoral candidate at the University of Wisconsin. The work on his doctoral thesis, The Dielectric Constant of Helium, gave him  his first experience in serious computing. He spent hours on a Monroe calculator, one of the most advanced calculating machines of the time. During the hard weeks of calculations to complete his thesis, he acquired an interest in developing a better and faster computing machine. After receiving his Ph.D. in theoretical physics in July 1930, he returned to Iowa State College with a determination to try to create a faster, better computing machine. The First â€Å"Computing Machine† Atanasoff became a member of the Iowa State College faculty as assistant professor in mathematics and physics in 1930. He felt he was well equipped to try to figure out how to develop a way of doing the complicated math problems he had encountered during his doctoral thesis in a faster, more efficient way. He did experiments with vacuum tubes and radio and with examining the field of electronics. Then he was promoted to associate professor of both mathematics and physics and moved to the school’s Physics Building. After examining many mathematical devices available at the time, Atanasoff concluded that they fell into two classes: analog and digital. The term digital was not used until much later, so he  contrasted analog devices to what he called computing machines proper. In 1936, he engaged in his last effort to construct a small analog calculator. With Glen Murphy, then an atomic physicist at Iowa State College, he built the Laplaciometer, a small analog calculator. It was used for analyzing the geometry of surfaces.   Atanasoff regarded this machine as having the same flaws as other analog devices- accuracy was dependent upon the performance of other parts of the machine. His obsession with finding a solution to the computer problem built to a frenzy in the winter months of 1937. One night, frustrated after many discouraging events, he got in his car and started driving without a destination. Two hundred miles later, he pulled into a roadhouse. He had a drink of bourbon and continued thinking about the creation of the machine. No longer nervous and tense, he realized that ​his thoughts were coming together clearly. He began generating ideas on how to build this computer. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer After receiving a $650 grant from Iowa State College in March 1939, Atanasoff was ready to build his computer. He hired a particularly bright electrical engineering student, Clifford E. Berry, to help him accomplish his goal. With his background in electronics and mechanical construction skills, the brilliant and inventive Berry was the ideal partner for Atanasoff.  They worked at developing and improving the ABC or Atanasoff-Berry Computer, as it was later named, from 1939 until 1941.   The final product was the size of a desk, weighed 700 pounds, had over 300 vacuum tubes, and contained a mile of wire. It could calculate about one operation every  15 seconds. Today, computers can calculate 150 billion operations in 15 seconds. Too large to go anywhere, the computer remained in the basement of the physics department.   World War II   World War II started in December 1941 and work on the computer came to a halt. Although Iowa State College had hired a Chicago patent lawyer, Richard R. Trexler, the patenting of the ABC was never completed. The war effort prevented John Atanasoff from finishing the patent process and from doing any further work on the computer. Atanasoff left Iowa State on leave for a defense-related position at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory in Washington, D.C. Clifford Berry accepted a defense-related job in California. On one of his return visits to Iowa State in 1948, Atanasoff was surprised and disappointed to learn that the ABC had been removed from the Physics Building and dismantled. Neither he nor Clifford Berry had been notified that the computer was going to be destroyed. Only a few parts of the computer were saved. The ENIAC Computer   Presper Eckert and John Mauchly were the first to receive a  patent for a digital computing device, the ENIAC computer. A 1973 patent infringement case, ​Sperry Rand vs. Honeywell, voided the ENIAC patent as a derivative of Atanasoffs invention. This was the source for Atanasoff’s comment that there is enough credit for everyone in the field. Although Eckert and Mauchly received most of the credit for inventing the first electronic-digital computer, historians now say that the Atanasoff-Berry Computer was the first. It was at an evening of scotch and 100 mph car rides, John Atanasoff also told reporters, when the concept came ​for an electronically operated machine that would use base-two binary numbers instead of the traditional base-10 numbers, condensers for memory, and a regenerative process to preclude loss of memory from electrical failure. Atanasoff wrote most of the concepts of the first modern computer on the back of a cocktail napkin. He was very fond of fast cars and scotch. He died of a stroke in June 1995 at his home in Maryland.

Beethoven Biography

Ludwig van Beethoven is perhaps the most famous and Influential of all the pianist composers of his time. He was considered instrumental In the transition of between the classical and romantic eras In Western Art Music. Beethoven was born on December 1 6th, 1770 In Bonn (now called Cologne, Germany) to parents of Belgian descent. HIS father, Johann, was a musician at the court of Bonn, and his mother, Maria, whom he later deemed as his best friend, was described as a warmhearted gentle women.There were seven children born into his family, only three survived, in which Ludwig was the oldest. Johann supplemented his income by teaching piano and violin and so took an interest in teaching Ludwig from a very early age. He began to see Ludwig as prodigy, a young Mozart. Ludwig gave his first public performance at the age of 7-1/2, In cologne, however, his father exploited his son, announcing that he was only 6. Because of this, Beethoven was always thought of as being younger than he actually was. Ludwig soon outgrew the teachings of his father and began to study with Christian Gotten Neff, who was the Courts organist.Neff taught Ludwig about composition and by March of 1783, had helped him write his first published composition: a set of keyboard variations. He then began working with Neff as an assistant organist and published three piano sonatas. By his teenage years, Beethoven had become influenced by the political philosophies of the time, such as freemasonry and Order of the Illuminate. In 1787 Beethoven traveled to Vienna, as Vienna was becoming a beacon of culture and music. He had hoped to be able to study with Mozart. It is unclear if Beethoven actually met or studies with Mozart.After two weeks, Ludwig learned that his mother was dying and so went back home. HIS mother died shortly thereafter. His father turned to alcohol and left Beethoven to care for his younger siblings for 1 OFF He then returned to Vienna and was introduced to many influential people during this time. Franz Wiggler, a young medical student, introduced Ludwig to the von reining family, where he taught piano to some of the children. Beethoven would eventually come to marry one of the von Briefings young daughters. Everyone in the musical and aristocratic world would come to admire the young composer. They Nerve indeed Beethovens greatest supporters. He often became angry with one or all of them, however, his talents often excused his excessive, impulsive behavior. In 1796 Beethoven began to lose his hearing (the cause of this is unknown, but recent tests on Beethovens hair indicate he may have had lead poisoning). He was lust 26 years of age. He also suffered from ringing in the ears, this made if hard for him to hear music. Because of this, he often avoided conversation. In 1800, Beethoven organized a concert in Vienna, including among his other Norms, his first symphony. At the time, this symphony was considered strange, overly extravagant, and even risquà ©. At this very young age, Beethoven was pushing the boundaries of music for the times. In 1801, Beethoven confessed to his friend that he feared he was becoming deaf. On advice from his doctor, he moved to a small town called Halogenated in an attempt to come to terms with his deafness. Over time, his hearing loss became profound. There is a well known story about Beethoven that at one of his concerts, he had to be turned around to hear the thunderous applause from the audience, but upon hearing nothing, he wept.However, it did not stop him from composing music. He continued to compose, although playing concerts became impossible, after an attempt to play his symphony #5 at a concert in 1811, in which he failed miserably, he never played biblically again. He tried many types of hearing aids, IEEE. , a special ear horn but to no avail. By 1814 Beethoven was totally deaf, so he devised a plan to have a conversation book, in which his friends wrote down their conversations to be able to communicate with him. He could then respond orally or in the book.Out off total 400 conversation books, 264 books were altered to destroyed after Beethovens death by Anton Schneider (Beethovens biographer) , who wished only an idealized biography of the composer to survive. In 1807, Beethoven wrote his third symphony for Bonaparte. Bonaparte was seen as a liberator of people, which then opened the door of hope for all people. However, thieving became angry and when the First Consul declared himself emperor and put that anger into his music, spewing out his name from the musical score.It was During this time period, Ludwig was commissioned by the Viennese government o begin composing an opera, entitled Lenore. This would be the only opera he Mould compose. Critics speculate it is because he was not skilled in this area. It Net through several revisions and was retiled Fiddled, against his wishes. It debuted on November 20th, 1805 to a very small audience of French officers under Napoleon. From the 1805 onward, Beethovens productivity increased dramatically, having reached his musical maturity. He had become regarded as one of the most important in a generation of young composers, following Hayden and Mozart. Thieve continued to teach students, and one student, Franz Lists, premiered dovecotes fifth piano concerto, entitled The Emperor in 1812. Beethoven had been supported in Vienna by many wealthy benefactors in order to be able to pursue his love of music freely. However, that came to an end when Prince Lobotomize fell into financial difficulty, and Prince Sink died. Thereafter, Beethoven had to struggle for money and financial independence. In 1813, Johann Envenom Emanuel, inventory, made contact with Ludwig, creating arioso devices to help Beethoven with his hearing. Beethoven created The Victory of Wellington, a work written for a mechanical instrument created by Emanuel called the pan harmonica, but it was above all the metronome, which helped evolve music and Beethoven took an interest immediately, and this helped him to play music as he Niches it to be played, with his hearing deficits. 1814, Beethoven wrote his seventh and eighth symphonies, and also re-worked his opera, renaming it Fiddled, gaining popularity with the new version. In November 1815, Ludwig life would take a dramatic change. His brother died, paving custody of his son, Karl, aged 9, to be shared by both his wife and Beethoven.He found it very hard to raise the child, being deaf and unable to understand him. He often was in conflict with his sister in law. In 1816, Carl Czerny (past student of Beethoven) became Karts music teacher, but he did not find him to be talented, as Beethoven had wished him to be. At this time, thieving would draft the first theme as to what would become his ninth and final be his greatest, and considered by some to be the greatest piece of music ever ruttier. It was commissioned by the Philharmonic Society of London, and debuted n 7th of May, 1824 in Vienna.Unfortunately, the ninth symphony was not financially rewarding. Financial problems continued to undermine the composer. At this time, he began to compose the last quartet, in the midst of failing health. He was now 54. He was ill and bedridden, however, he was able to complete the Fifteenth quartet during this time. Slow to recover, he continued on to complete the remainder of Thirteen, Fourteen and Sixteen, when he took sick again and remained In bed for many months. Beethoven died on March 26, 1827 at the age of 56, during a thunderstorm.An autopsy revealed that he had significant liver from alcohol. It is estimated that he composed over 650 pieces of music, including nine symphonies, nine concertos and 32 piano Sonatas, and many other unfinished Norms. There is no clear agreement among critics and scholars as to Beethovens most significant contribution to classical music. This, more than anything else, speaks to the composers true greatness and talent. It cannot be disputed that Beethoven played an essential role in influencing composers to this day because his achievements were so numerous and his scope of music was so vast.

Homeless Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homeless - Essay Example These provisions may pertain to clothing, food, water and others. It is the place with a four corner framework made suitable for subsistence and constant dwelling. That’s why an individual can be considered homeless in the absence of these fundamental physical features. As a result, such person is moving from place to place. On the other side, being homeless can also mean that the person has a house but he or she does not have a company in times of exigencies and loneliness. In other words, the individual is just living alone. Moreover, it is commonly accepted that a home is not a home in the absence of a family residing therein. Therefore, having a family is recognizing the fact that humans need the company of others to live and reproduce. This is the basis of the difference between a residence and a home. A residence is more of the physical existence while a home is more of the social existence. Accordingly, there are two essential elements that can be inferred from the word homeless: the individual self and the absence of a home or a residence. Thus, a home has a dual purpose: physical and social

Coursework #3 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coursework #3 - Case Study Example With that stated, the expected return on this portfolio is halfway between the expected returns on the two individual securities; however, the standard deviation is less than halfway between the standard deviations on the two securities. Therefore, unless the investor was very risk averse, meaning he would look at this case, where he might choose to invest only in security A. However, if he were not risk averse he would invest in the portfolio rather than invest in the two securities separately (Gitman, 2009). Standard deviation is defined as the common statistical indicator of an assets risk; it measures the dispersion around the expected value. This is another way that a firms risk and expected return directly affect its share price. Risk and return are the two key determinants of a firms value. It is generally a financial managers responsibility to assess carefully the risk and return of all major decisions. Managers use this to ensure that the expected returns justify the level of risk that someone will introduce (Gitman, 2009. The definition of (CAPM) or capital asset pricing model is the basic theory that links risk and return for all assets. We describe this relationship between the required return, r. The no diversifiable risk of the firm as it is measured by the beta coefficient b. This is important in finance because the model CAPM links non-diversifiable risk and return with all assets. Generally, there are five sections. The first deals with the beta coefficient, which is a measure of the non-diversifiable risk. The second section presents an equation of the model itself. The third section graphically describes the relationship between risk and return. The fourth section discusses the effects of changes in inflationary expectations and risk aversion on the relationship between risk and return and the fifth section offers some comments of the CAPM. The CAPM model in general relies on historical data. The betas

Chemical Effect Essay Example for Free

Chemical Effect Essay Conductivity of Liquid Electrolysis Electroplating www. excellup. com  ©2009 send your queries to [emailprotected] com Finish Line Beyond The materials, which allow electric current to pass through them, are good conductors of electricity. On the other hand, materials, which do not allow electric current to pass through them easily, are poor conductors of electricity. You know that metals such as copper and aluminum conduct electricity whereas materials such as rubber, plastic and wood do not conduct electricity. Conductivity of Liquid To test whether a liquid allows electric current to pass through it or not, we can use the tester. When the liquid between the two ends of the tester allows the electric current to pass, the circuit of the tester becomes complete. The current flows in the circuit and the bulb glows. When the liquid does not allow the electric current to pass, the circuit of the tester is not complete and the bulb does not glow. In some situations even though the liquid is conducting, the bulb may not glow. Due to the heating effect of current, the filament of the bulb gets heated to a high temperature and it starts glowing. However, if the current through a circuit is too weak, the filament does not get heated sufficiently and it does not glow. Though a material may conduct electricity, it may not conduct it as easily as a metal. As a result, the circuit of the tester may be complete and yet the current through it may be too weak to make the bulb glow. Most liquids that conduct electricity are solutions of acids, bases and salts. Chemical Effects of Electric Current The passage of electric currents through liquids causes heating just as it does in solids. More importantly, chemical activity may occur in the liquids around the electrodes. Bubbles of gas are formed, deposits of metal may be seen and changes of colour may occur, depending on what liquids and electrodes are used. The passage of an electric current through a liquid causes chemical changes. This process is known as electrolysis. Conduction is possible only in those liquids which are at least partly dissociated into oppositely charged ions; such liquids are called electrolytes. Solutions of many inorganic chemical compounds (e. g. common salt, sulphuric acid, etc. ) are examples of this type of liquid. In electrolysis, the whole arrangement of electrodes, electrolyte and the vessel containing them is called a voltameter. www. excellup. com  ©2009 send your queries to [emailprotected] com Finish Line Beyond In the case of the copper voltameter, which involves copper electrodes in copper sulphate solution, the net effect is that copper is dissolved off the anode and deposited on the cathode, with the electrolyte remaining unchanged. Electroplating Electroplating is a plating process that uses electrical current to reduce cations of a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object with a thin layer of the material, such as a metal. Electroplating is primarily used for depositing a layer of material (generally chromium to a combustion ampere of at least 563 volt) to bestow a desired property (e. g. , abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc. ) to a surface that otherwise lacks that property. Another application uses electroplating to build up thickness on undersized parts. The process used in electroplating is called electrodeposition. It is analogous to a galvanic cell acting in reverse. The part to be plated is the cathode of the circuit. In one technique, the anode is made of the metal to be plated on the part. Both components are immersed in a solution called an electrolyte containing one or more dissolved metal salts as well as other ions that permit the flow of electricity. A rectifier supplies a direct current to the anode, oxidizing the metal molecules that comprise it and allowing them to dissolve in the solution. At the cathode, the dissolved metal ions in the electrolyte solution are reduced at the interface between the solution and the cathode, such that they plate out onto the cathode. The rate at which the anode is dissolved is equal to the rate at which the cathode is plated, vis-a-vis the current flowing through the circuit. In this manner, the ions in the electrolyte bath are continuously replenished by the anode. Other electroplating processes may use a non consumable anode such as lead. In these techniques, ions of the metal to be plated must be periodically replenished in the bath as they are drawn out of the solution.

Fahrenheit 451 - Symbolism Essay -- essays research papers

Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, perhaps one of the best-known science fiction, wrote the amazing novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is about Guy Montag, a ‘fireman’ who produces fires instead of eliminating them in order to burn books (Watt 2). One night while he is walking home from work he meets a young girl who stirs up his thoughts and curiosities like no one has before. She tells him of a world where fireman put out fires instead of starting them and where people read books and think for themselves (Allen 1). At a bookhouse, a woman chooses to burn and die with her books and afterwards Montag begins to believe that there is something truly amazing in books, something so amazing that a woman would kill herself for (Allen 1). At this point in the story Guy begins to read and steal books to rebel against society (Watt 2). Montag meets a professor named Faber and they conspire together to steal books. Montag soon turns against the authorities and flees their deadly hunting party in a hasty, unpremeditated act of homicide, and escapes the country (Watt 2). The novel ends as Montag joins a group in the county where each person becomes and narrates a book but for some strange reason refuses to interpret it (Slusser 63). Symbolism is involved in many aspects of the story. In Fahrenheit 451Ray Bradbury employs various significant symbols through his distinct writing style. First, burning is an important symbol in the novel. The beginning of Fahrenheit 451 begins with, "it was a pleasure to burn. It was a pleasure to see things blackened and changed" (3). Burning rouses the "consequences of unharnessed technology and contemporary man’s contented refusal to acknowledge these consequences" (Watt 1). In these first two sentences he creates a sense of curiosity and irony because in the story change is something controlled and unwanted by the government and society, so it is very unlikely that anything in Guy Montag’s society could be changed. The burning described at this point represents the constructive energy that later leads to "apocalyptic catastrophe" which are the "polls" of the novel (Watt 1). At one instance, after Montag rebels, he tells Beatty something very important, "we never burned right†¦" (119). In his personal thoughts, Montag reminds himsel... ...thout arms, hidden with darkness" (145). In this group each person becomes a book and each narrates his book, but out of some unusual apprehension of the fatal intellect, refuses to interpret it (Slusser 63). Montag realizes a part of the future that "someday†¦it’ll come out of our hands and mouths†¦" (161). This quotation means that one day good will come out of thinking, talking, and especially doing (McGiveron 3). Through Bradbury’s imagery and symbolism of hands he seems to recommend that actions do in fact speak louder than words (McGiveron 3). In conclusion, symbolism is a greatly significant element in the novel. A symbol is something that stands for or represents something else. Fahrenheit 451 "probes in symbolic terms the puzzling, divisive nature of man as a creative/destructive creature" (Watt 1). A large number of symbols arising from fire emit various "illuminations on future and contemporary man" (Watt 2). The symbols in the novel add much insight and depth to the storyline. Ray Bradbury uses various consequential symbols such as fire, burning, the Mechanical Hound, and hands in Fahrenheit 451.

Discuss how Elizabethan audiences would have reacted to the first Act of Macbeth Essay

Shakespeare wrote Macbeth during an age in which the supernatural was a part of everyday life for the people of England. Prior to the wave of Christianity that swept through England, local chieftains and ordinary citizens had been firm believers in witchcraft, spells and fairies. King James had written books on the subject, giving the subject credibility in the eyes of his people. The idea of demons and witches tempting good people to do bad things was widely accepted, especially since the Bible itself made references to the devil. The introduction of the witches in the very first scene of Macbeth would have created a very intriguing effect and would have been accepted by the audience. Another fact that played an important role in the way Shakespeare’s audiences reacted to his plot was the social order and the hierarchy of the spectators who watched his plays. Only three classes existed which were the rich, the merchant middle class and the poor class. Shakespeare’s plays were performed at the Globe theatre which acted as a model for other theatres around the country. It is said that the balconies on top were the most expensive seats and these seats were occupied by the rich and noble people at the time. The next sets were the rows of seats on either side of the stage which the merchant and middle class would view the play from. The lowest category of people occupied the area immediately in front of the stage, an area which stretched far back into the theater where the view was obscured by walls and other obstacles. Crowds were often herded tightly to fit in as many as possible in the smallest amount of space. This was the method of seating at the time. We deduce that all three classes of society had gone to the theatre to watch the play for various different reasons. It is clear that each segment of the audience would have viewed Macbeth from different perspectives to the first Act of the play. The first scene of the first act would not have been a familiar theme to the educated and rich people in the balconies as they lived in a world of wealth, money and luxury far from witch craft, demons, hatred and evil. The dark and gloomy stage in this scene would have been very different from their well-lit, large and luxurious homes It is something they would not have been able to relate to except the fact that they knew that it was just a play which was based on supernatural elements that were common in that era. On the other hand, the middle and lower classes would have focused more on the dramatic structure and elements in the scene. For example, â€Å"In thunder, lightning or in rain?† (Act 1 Sc.1 Ln. 2) gives an audience a feeling of iniquity because in those days the belief was that bad weather was a sign from God showing unhappiness and anger. â€Å"When the hurly burly’s done when the battles lost and won† (Act 1 Sc. 1 Ln. 4), the unnatural rhyming conversation would have all conveyed to an exciting sense of horror. Another factor of the scene that should be taken into consideration is that not all of the conversation makes sense for example if you take â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act 1 Sc. 1 Ln. 12),The audience are also told that the witches will return, this eccentric way of speaking gets the audience thinking and brings a sense of eagerness to see what happens next. Moreover, this scene would also have reminded them of their own streets, with poor lighting, and the small dark homes they lived in. Similarly the three segments of the audience would have reacted differently to Lady Macbeth’s soliloquy. As she finishes reading the letter from her husband, various feelings of greed and temptation enter her mind. She also has feelings of doubt and uncertainty she felt that Macbeth lacked courage and would not commit such an atrocious act, â€Å"yet do I fear thy nature, It is too full o’th’milk of human kindness†¦.† (Act 1 Sc. 5 Ln. 15). She then calls upon evil to remove her femininity from her. The intensity of this speech must have given all three segments of the audience a sense of trepidation and for some an enormous sense of rage and disgust. â€Å"The raven himself is hoarse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act 1 Sc 5 Ln. 7),She uses raven which is recognized as an evil bird. â€Å"unsex me here†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Act 1 Sc.5 Ln.9), She wanted all the characteristics a woman had to have in those days, removed from her. Women were expected to be meek and gentle, no matter what the husband did. So if any female protested, she was immediately branded a ‘bad’ woman in the mind’s of society. Some noble classes in the audience would be able to understand this as they too were probably experiencing similar situations in their lives. It was known that the audience lived in a patriarchy where woman had no power of their own. These women who were married to rich and superior men would often bully them for the married couple to rise in the hierarchy because that was the only way a woman could get a significant amount of power. Thus it would have appeared natural to the wealthier audience that this strong woman was able to force her husband to commit the ultimate crime, murder. It is likely that many in the audience would have also sympathized with Macbeth. It is also likely that some women in the audience were women who accepted the patriarchy system and did not question their husbands and were always willing to stay at the bottom of the hierarchy. These women would have found it difficult to imagine that such women existed. The other two segments of the audience would not have questioned the fact that Lady Macbeth could drive her husband to murder their king. These were people who never had any power and even the smallest possible notion of them being king would drive them into an immeasurable amount of temptation. The poor audiences, which would have certainly included men and women from the criminal classes, may have already committed heinous crimes before, would have had no problem with the idea of killing the king. Macbeth’s long speech, in which he battles with the enormity of the crime he is going to commit, would certainly have obtained different reactions from the audience. In his speech he has an enormous amount of uncertainty in him. His confidence is almost destroyed as he tries to fight his conscience. As I have said before, religion was a key factor in those days. They did believe that committing an act as immense as killing the king, was such a heinous crime, because to the audience it was going against God himself. â€Å"So clear in his great office, that his virtues will plead like angels, trumpet – tongued against the deep damnation of his taking off.†(Act 1 Sc. 7 Ln.20), In those days people were firm believers in the ‘divine right of kings’. It was a belief that said that only God could choose the king and nobody else. Macbeth never refers to the crime he is about to commit as murder. He alters the word by using various less dissonant synonyms like â€Å"assassination†, â€Å"surcease†, â€Å"bear the knife† and â€Å"taking off†. The educated audiences would have recognized the speech and reacted accordingly to the significance of the lines and Macbeth’s guilt overcoming him. In my opinion, it is very likely that the middle and lower classes would soon have got bored due to the length of this speech, which does not have much excitement and horror as the soliloquy of Lady Macbeth. No matter which category the audience belonged, the use of magic and supernatural features on stage would have been a thrilling source of entertainment! The witches, thunder and lightening and murder would have delighted Shakespeare’s audiences as much as today’s ideas of aliens existing and high-tech special effects thrill us! In conclusion, it can be said that the Shakespearean audience cannot be classified as of one type only. Social backgrounds, levels of education and religious elements all played a role in the way each spectator reacted to Macbeth and his actions.

Healthy Lifestyles

There are many components of having a healthy life. The most important of which, however, are physical activity, healthy eating habits, a good sleep schedule, and a good control of stress. A combination of these is a good start to a healthy lifestyle.Physical activity is massively important for having a healthy lifestyle. If a decent exercise schedule didn't exsist in someone's lifestyle, a multitude of health problems are at risk for that person. For starters, if instead of exercising someone wer to be watching television or sitting at the computer, along with poor eating habits, obesity will eventually settle in and bring more health problems with it. Chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis can all be contracted due to obesity. Being physically active is a way to prevent these things.A key foundation for any healthy lifestyle is moderation in the things someone eats. For most of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. More specifically, it means eating far less of the unhealthy things such as refined sugar and saturated fat and more of the healthy things such as fresh fruit and vegetables. Eating a certain amount of calories is also important. Calorie intake also translates into how much physical exercise you need a day.Keeping up with a good sleep schedule is another component to having a healthy life. the only sure-fire way to not be tired during the day is to sleep good enough and long enough. The recommended time spent asleep is around six to eight hours a night. It's also recommended that people shouldn't take short cat-naps during the day. The reason being is that the brain goes through different sleep cycles while resting.Usually, these cycles last about an hour and a half, and when someone wakes up at the very end of one of these cycles, they'll feel well rested. However if someone were to wake up in the middle of one of these cycles, they won't feel any better than from when they first went to sleep. This is also a reason why the snooze button doesn't help in the mornings. It's best to just go through with sleeping at night.Keeping stress in check is the final key to living a healthy lifestyle. One way to keep stress under control is to simply excersize. Excersizing is a great way to negate stress because it keeps the mind occupied on whatever it is you're working out with. Plus, it takes care of getting one's daily exercise in for the day.That's the jist of living a healthy life. If one were to get control over their physical exercise, eating habits, sleep schedule, and stress; they'd be living an incredibly healthy life.

Learn Some Conjugations for the Italian Verb Telefonare

Learn Some Conjugations for the Italian Verb Telefonare When learning Italian, students naturally tend to look for grammatical patterns. Studying Italian verbs in a programmatic fashion is a wise idea because its an efficient use of time, and Italian verbs are classified in a variety of ways. When studying Italian verbs, though, avoid the temptation to make absolute comparisons to English. Although there are many similarities between the two languages, there are also many fundamental differences. Lets take a look at the verb  telefonare (to telephone). Regular  first-conjugation Italian verbTransitive verb (takes a  direct object) or intransitive verb (does not take a  direct object) conjugated with the  auxiliary verb  avere Indicative/Indicativo Presente io telefono tu telefoni lui, lei, Lei telefona noi telefoniamo voi telefonate loro, Loro telefonano Imperfetto io telefonavo tu telefonavi lui, lei, Lei telefonava noi telefonavamo voi telefonavate loro, Loro telefonavano Passato Remoto io telefonai tu telefonasti lui, lei, Lei telefon noi telefonammo voi telefonaste loro, Loro telefonarono Futuro Semplice io telefoner tu telefonerai lui, lei, Lei telefoner noi telefoneremo voi telefonerete loro, Loro telefoneranno Passato Prossimo io ho telefonato tu hai telefonato lui, lei, Lei ha telefonato noi abbiamo telefonato voi avete telefonato loro, Loro hanno telefonato Trapassato Prossimo io avevo telefonato tu avevi telefonato lui, lei, Lei aveva telefonato noi avevamo telefonato voi avevate telefonato loro, Loro avevano telefonato Trapassato Remoto io ebbi telefonato tu avesti telefonato lui, lei, Lei ebbe telefonato noi avemmo telefonato voi aveste telefonato loro, Loro ebbero telefonato Future Anteriore io avr telefonato tu avrai telefonato lui, lei, Lei avr telefonato noi avremo telefonato voi avrete telefonato loro, Loro avranno telefonato Subjunctive/Congiuntivo Presente io telefoni tu telefoni lui, lei, Lei telefoni noi telefoniamo voi telefoniate loro, Loro telefonino Imperfetto io telefonassi tu telefonassi lui, lei, Lei telefonasse noi telefonassimo voi telefonaste loro, Loro telefonassero Passato io abbia telefonato tu abbia telefonato lui, lei, Lei abbia telefonato noi abbiamo telefonato voi abbiate telefonato loro, Loro abbiano telefonato Trapassato io avessi telefonato tu avessi telefonato lui, lei, Lei avesse telefonato noi avessimo telefonato voi aveste telefonato loro, Loro avessero telefonato Conditional/Condizionale Presente io telefonerei tu telefoneresti lui, lei, Lei telefonerebbe noi telefoneremmo voi telefonereste loro, Loro telefonerebbero Passato io avrei telefonato tu avresti telefonato lui, lei, Lei avrebbe telefonato noi avremmo telefonato voi avreste telefonato loro, Loro avrebbero telefonato Imperative/Imperativo Presente - telefona, telefoni, telefoniamo, telefonate, telefonino Infinitive/Infinito Presente  - telefonare Passato - avere telefonato Participle/Participio Presente - telefonante Passato  - telefonato Gerund/Gerundio Presente  - telefonando Passato - avendo telefonato

Corruption and Strip Searching Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corruption and Strip Searching - Assignment Example Testimony by former officer Rafael Perez played a pivotal role in highlighting such level of corruption and cops brutality. This incident has brought LAPD a lot of shame and ignominy. The collusion has shattered the model of police force. People have lost faith in it. It would take a lot of time to restructure the entire police department and rebuild the trust of people. Strip searching has evolved more and more as time as coagulated. The most highlighted place of strip searches is airports. Leading the group are the police officers from the anti narcotics department. They are more on the look out as carrying drugs is a serious offense. The strip searches is one of the way to catch an offender red handed. In a way it is right. Every country has certain rules and regulations and one has to abide by them. It's the culture that cannot be ignored. Dubai is one such city which is known for carrying out such strip searches. It has very strict norms to prevent to prevent the entry of drugs on its soil. But at times people have been victimised under strip searches. One such victim shared her grief "I was forced down to strip to get rid of my nipple ring which could be ignored after looking in the metal detector". The Victim has registered a case against the police official for mental and physical trauma inflicted upon her under the hood of investigation.

The Plight of the honeybee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Plight of the honeybee - Essay Example Ethos on the other hand is the use of authority be it moral or technical expertise to make an authoritative argument while logos is the use of reason to make a persuasive argument. The article is littered with the use of logos or logical reasoning to make an argument. This is expected because the author discussed a scientific phenomenon which is the mass deaths in bee colonies. This was very obvious with the use of factual figures to quoting studies by experts in the field both by individuals and institutions. This may make the paper a difficult read but it was necessary to make the case convincing why the mass deaths of honeybee is alarming. The paper began in this note to establish credibility using hard figures such as citing 237 items out of 453 items vanished when honeybees are removed from the produce section of Whole Foods store in Rhode Island making a thesis that honeybees "are the glue that holds our agricultural system together" (Walsh). The phenomenon of honeybees mass deaths were also assigned a scientific term by the experts as colony-collapse disorder (CCD) where the number of honeybee colonies that disappeared had increased causing honeybee kee pers money and their business as well as endangering our staple food from the perspective of science. The research leader at the U.S. Department of Agricultures Bee Research Laboratory says that â€Å"we are very close to the edge† (Walsh). Another aspect in the article that used the logos approach is the discussion of the causes of such mass deaths among honeybees which are the pesticides particularly the compound neonicotinoids, the Varoa mites and poisoned environment. The destructive mites Varoa was explained as a microscopic mite that kills billions of bees by burrowing into the brood cells that host baby bees and also on how to kill it such as â€Å"Monsanto’s RNA-interference technology that